锯缘青蟹大颚器对卵巢发育的调节作用:离体实验   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

黄辉洋  叶海辉  李少菁  王桂忠 《台湾海峡》2003,22(3):295-298

器官联合培养研究表明。锯缘青蟹大颚器对卵黄发生前期和卵黄发生期卵母细胞的发育具有促进作用。随着大颚器的发育。其生物活性逐步增强。  相似文献   

三疣梭子蟹Y器、大颚器显微及超微结构研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

秦昆  康现江  郭明申  穆淑梅  曾伟 《台湾海峡》2007,26(1):76-84

本实验对三疣梭子蟹的内分泌器官Y器、大颚器的显微及超微结构进行了研究．Y器位于前鳃腔、眼柄的后外侧．组织学特征：细胞紧密排列，核呈卵圆形，异染色质丰富，胞质极少，细胞界限不明显．超微结构特点：细胞核几乎占据了整个细胞，细胞突起多。细胞器少．管状嵴的线粒体、多层同心环状的滑面内质网以及高尔基体较为常见．大颚器位于大颚肌几丁质腱的后侧基部．组织学特征：细胞体积较大，核仁清晰。胞质染色均匀．超微结构特点：胞质丰富，质膜大量内陷和作不同程度的卷绕，内含大量具管状脊的线粒体和滑面内质网．  相似文献   

紫球藻胞外多糖抗辐射的生物学活性研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

顾宁琰  刘宇峰 《海洋科学》2002,26(12):53-56

研究了单细胞红藻紫球藻（Porphyridium sp.)对^60Coγ－射线辐射后小鼠免疫功能的影响。紫球藻胞外多糖（Plysaccharide of Porphyridium sp.PSP）在体内对小鼠免疫功能具正调节作用，具体表现为显著提高小鼠脾细胞增殖水平，自然杀伤（Natural Killer Cell,NK细胞）杀伤活性和白细胞介素2（Interleukin 2,IL-2)活性。IL－2可以激活T细胞，增强NK细胞的活性，改善^60Coγ－射线辐射引起的免疫功能低下而对机体造成的不利影响，使小鼠的免疫功能达到甚至超过正常水平。  相似文献   

波纹龙虾呼吸系统组织学和组织化学的研究     

师尚丽  李长玲  曹伏君  黄翔鹄  刘楚吾  李娟 《海洋科学》2006,30(7):58-63

利用光镜对波纹龙虾(Panulirushomarus)呼吸器官——鳃的横切面进行组织学研究。结果表明,鳃的外层由两层角质膜和一层立方上皮构成;鳃的背方上下排列的2个管腔分别为出鳃血管和入鳃血管,腹方为结缔组织膜形成的鳃轴;鳃丝内有流入沟、流出沟和由结缔组织形成的纵走隔膜。采用Feulgen法等6种方法,对角质膜、鳃上皮、鳃丝、鳃轴、出鳃血管和入鳃血管等结构分别进行了组织化学研究。  相似文献   

Interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the marine bivalve Cerastoderma edule     

Ika Paul-Pont  Patrice Gonzalez  Florence Jude  Line Bourrasseau  Frances Haynes  Christine Paillard 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(4):515-118

The present study evaluated the interactive effects of cadmium contamination and pathogenic organisms (trematodes Himasthla elongata and bacteria Vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination during 7 days on the bivalve Cerastoderma edule. Some defense-related activities were analyzed such as genetic expression, metallothionein and immune responses. Trematode metacercarial infection, similar whatever the treatment, induced the strongest responses of immune parameters. Particularly, the interaction between cadmium and parasite exposures induced unusual responses on gene expression and immune responses. No effect of bacterial challenge appeared on bivalve responses, nevertheless a strong mortality of V. tapetis infected cockles occured between 7 and 14 days. Cadmium bioaccumulation was significantly modulated by both pathogenic organisms. Furthermore, an antagonistic effect of trematodes and bacteria was shown on metal bioaccumulation of co-infected cockles. These results highlighted the importance of considering the multiplicity of perturbation sources in coastal ecosystems to assess the health status of organisms.  相似文献   

Comparison of anatomical structure and photosynthetic characteristics between the two photosynthetic organs of the desert plant Hedysarum scoparium     

QiaoDi Yan  PeiXi Su  Song Gao 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(3):0241-0249

The desert plant Hedysarum scoparium uses leaflets and rachises as its photosynthetic organs. The abundance of leaflets was lower under unfavorable environmental conditions and higher with improved water conditions. To examine the characteristics associated with the adaptation of H. scoparium to its environment, we selected plants with both compound leaves and rachis without leaflets to study the anatomical structures and gas exchange characteristics of the two organs. The results show that the water storage tissues in rachises were more developed compared with the leaflets. The diurnal courses of the net photosynthetic rate for the rachis and the leaflet were both in a bimodal pattern. Meanwhile, both two peak values of the rachis were significantly higher than those of the leaflet. The daily average transpiration rate was significantly higher in the rachis than in the leaflet in order to lower the temperature of the rachises. It was concluded that under desert drought conditions, the leaflets of H. scoparium were partially or completely degraded to reduce the transpiration area as an adaptive response to water deficit, and only the rachises were retained as photosynthetic organ. The rachises were found to be better suited to a desert habitat than the leaflets.  相似文献   

Toxicogenomic analysis of immune system-related genes in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to heavy oil   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Kei Nakayama  Shin-Ichi Kitamura  Yasunori Murakami  Jun-Young Song  Sung-Ju Jung  Myung-Joo Oh  Hisato Iwata  Shinsuke Tanabe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):445

Heavy oil contamination is one of the most important environmental issues. Toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including immune toxicities, are well characterized, however, the immune toxic effects of heavy oil, as a complex mixture of PAHs, have not been investigated. In the present study, we selected Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as a model organism, and observed alteration of immune function by the exposure to heavy oil. To analyze the expression profiles of immune system-related genes, we selected 309 cDNAs from our flounder EST library, and spotted them on a glass slide. Using this cDNA array, alteration of gene expression profiles was analyzed in the kidneys of flounders exposed to heavy oil. Six Japanese flounders (mean body weight: 197 g) were acclimated to laboratory conditions at 19–20 °C. Three fish were exposed to heavy oil C (bunker C) at a concentration of 3.8 g/L for 3 days, and the others were kept in seawater without heavy oil and used as the control. After the exposure period, the fish were transferred into control seawater and maintained for 4 days, and then they were dissected and their kidneys were removed. Total RNA was extracted from the kidney samples to use in gene expression analyses. The microarray detected alteration of immune system-related genes in the kidneys of heavy oil-exposed flounders, including down-regulation of immunoglobulin light chain, CD45, major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor, and up-regulation of interleukin-8 and lysozyme. These results suggest that pathogen resistance may be weakened in heavy oil-exposed fish, causing a subsequent bacterial infection, and then proinflammatory genes may be induced as a defensive response against the infection. Additionally, we found candidate genes for use as biomarkers of heavy oil exposure, such as N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 and heat shock cognate 71 kDa proteins.  相似文献   

贝类神经内分泌和免疫系统对环境胁迫的响应     

高菲  许强  陈慕雁  杨红生 《海洋科学集刊》2006,47(47):131-139

贝类养殖在中国海水养殖业中占有重要的地位，其产量占中国海水养殖总量的80%以上，也是出口创汇的主要对象。近年来栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)等贝类的大规模死亡制约了相关产业的发展，而导致栉孔扇贝(C.farreri)大规模死亡的直接病因是一种球形病毒(贺桂珍等， 2003；王崇明等，2002)，养殖海区生态环境的胁迫作用是其大规模死亡的重要诱因(张福绥等，1999)。在多种胁迫因子的协同作用下，贝类抗病力下降、病原体大量繁殖，从而引起大规模死亡。因此，系统地研究贝类神经内分泌和免疫系统对环境胁迫作用的响应是十分必要的。 胁迫反应指胁迫因子引起的机体在生物体、组织及分子水平上的行为学、细胞学和生化反应，包括神经内分泌反应、免疫反应以及多种行为反应(Bayne et al.，1975)。贝类胁迫反应尤其是神经内分泌反应及免疫反应的研究刚刚起步，国内相关报道很少。本文作者综述了国际有关贝类神经内分泌反应及免疫反应的研究进展，以期为国内在此领域的研究提供参考依据。  相似文献   

锯缘青蟹大颚器发育的组织学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

黄辉洋  李少菁  叶海辉  王桂忠 《海洋科学》2003,27(2):49-52

采用组织学方法对锯缘青蟹（Scylla serrata)大颚器进行研究。大颚器位于大颚肌几丁质腱的后侧基部，发育过程可分为4期：I期大颚器很小，肉眼难以辨认，腺细胞数量少，细胞界限不清晰；Ⅱ期大颚顺形状不确定，腺细胞开始形成腺泡；Ⅲ期大颚器通常呈肾形，腺泡多；Ⅳ期大颚器体积最大，呈柱状，腺细胞发达，未见退化现象。锯缘青蟹体长、卵母细胞直径、生精小管直径与大颚器腺细胞直径具有良好的线性关系。实验结果提示了锯缘青蟹大颚器与生长、生殖活动密切相关。  相似文献   

A statistical model for spatial patterns of Buruli ulcer in the Amansie West district,Ghana     

Alfred A. Duker  Alfred SteinMartin Hale 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2006

Buruli ulcer (BU), a skin ulceration caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), is the second most widespread mycobacterium infection in Ghana. Its infection pathway is possibly related to the potable and agricultural water supply. This study aims to identify environmental factors that influence infection in a part of Ghana. It examines the significance of contaminated surface drainage channels and groundwater using conditional autoregressive (CAR) statistical modelling. This type of modelling implies that the spatial pattern of BU incidence in one community depends on the influence of the environment in neighbouring communities. Covariates were included to assess the spatial relationship between environmental risk factors and BU incidence in the study area. The study reveals an association between (a) the mean As content of soil and spatial distribution of BU and (b) the distance to sites of gold mining and spatial distribution of BU. We conclude that both arsenic in the natural environment and gold mining influence BU infection.  相似文献